{
 "id": "gasto_id_pib",
 "nombre": "Gasto interno bruto en I+D (GERD), todos los sectores. % del PIB",
 "tema": "innovacion",
 "organismo": "Eurostat (a partir de la Estadística sobre Actividades de I+D del INE)",
 "operacion": "GERD by sector of performance (rd_e_gerdtot)",
 "fuente_api": "eurostat",
 "codigo": "rd_e_gerdtot?geo=ES&sectperf=TOTAL&unit=PC_GDP",
 "url_fuente": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdtot/default/table",
 "unidad": "% del PIB",
 "frecuencia": "anual",
 "competencia": "mixta",
 "rupturas": [],
 "confusiones": [
  "Incluye gasto de empresas, AAPP, universidades e IPSFL; no es solo gasto público.",
  "El último año es 2024 por calendario de publicación; no está discontinuada.",
  "Se usa Eurostat porque las operaciones de I+D del INE (I+D:E, I+D:AP, I+D:ES) devuelven TABLAS_OPERACION vacía en Tempus3."
 ],
 "verificado": "2026-10-25",
 "comparador_ue": {
  "codigo": "rd_e_gerdtot?geo=ES&sectperf=TOTAL&unit=PC_GDP",
  "geo": "EU27_2020"
 },
 "serie": [
  {
   "p": "1995",
   "v": 0.77
  },
  {
   "p": "1996",
   "v": 0.79,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "1997",
   "v": 0.78
  },
  {
   "p": "1998",
   "v": 0.85
  },
  {
   "p": "1999",
   "v": 0.84
  },
  {
   "p": "2000",
   "v": 0.88
  },
  {
   "p": "2001",
   "v": 0.89
  },
  {
   "p": "2002",
   "v": 0.96
  },
  {
   "p": "2003",
   "v": 1.02
  },
  {
   "p": "2004",
   "v": 1.04
  },
  {
   "p": "2005",
   "v": 1.1
  },
  {
   "p": "2006",
   "v": 1.18
  },
  {
   "p": "2007",
   "v": 1.24
  },
  {
   "p": "2008",
   "v": 1.32
  },
  {
   "p": "2009",
   "v": 1.36
  },
  {
   "p": "2010",
   "v": 1.35
  },
  {
   "p": "2011",
   "v": 1.33
  },
  {
   "p": "2012",
   "v": 1.29
  },
  {
   "p": "2013",
   "v": 1.27
  },
  {
   "p": "2014",
   "v": 1.23
  },
  {
   "p": "2015",
   "v": 1.21
  },
  {
   "p": "2016",
   "v": 1.18
  },
  {
   "p": "2017",
   "v": 1.2
  },
  {
   "p": "2018",
   "v": 1.23
  },
  {
   "p": "2019",
   "v": 1.24
  },
  {
   "p": "2020",
   "v": 1.4
  },
  {
   "p": "2021",
   "v": 1.4
  },
  {
   "p": "2022",
   "v": 1.4
  },
  {
   "p": "2023",
   "v": 1.49
  },
  {
   "p": "2024",
   "v": 1.5
  }
 ],
 "procedencia": {
  "es": {
   "fichero": "data/raw/eurostat/gasto_id_pib/es-20261024T221805Z.json",
   "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/rd_e_gerdtot?geo=ES&sectperf=TOTAL&unit=PC_GDP&format=JSON&lang=EN",
   "consultado": "2026-10-24T22:18:05+00:00",
   "sha256": "b54e42443acbf28a3221ef528e20617987be9d3024b195df741b8ad2c475de85"
  },
  "ue": {
   "fichero": "data/raw/eurostat/gasto_id_pib/ue-20261024T221805Z.json",
   "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/rd_e_gerdtot?sectperf=TOTAL&unit=PC_GDP&geo=EU27_2020&format=JSON&lang=EN",
   "consultado": "2026-10-24T22:18:05+00:00",
   "sha256": "d0dcbc45e24bfc9d089062670f999e3ef07de5d71629207ff8bce2a4fb611a4f"
  }
 },
 "serie_ue": [
  {
   "p": "1995",
   "v": 1.73,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "1996",
   "v": 1.72,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "1997",
   "v": 1.72,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "1998",
   "v": 1.73,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "1999",
   "v": 1.78,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2000",
   "v": 1.81,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2001",
   "v": 1.82,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2002",
   "v": 1.83,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2003",
   "v": 1.82,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2004",
   "v": 1.79,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2005",
   "v": 1.78,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2006",
   "v": 1.8,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2007",
   "v": 1.79,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2008",
   "v": 1.87,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2009",
   "v": 1.96,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2010",
   "v": 1.96,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2011",
   "v": 2,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2012",
   "v": 2.06,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2013",
   "v": 2.08,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2014",
   "v": 2.09,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2015",
   "v": 2.1
  },
  {
   "p": "2016",
   "v": 2.1,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2017",
   "v": 2.14
  },
  {
   "p": "2018",
   "v": 2.17,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2019",
   "v": 2.21,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2020",
   "v": 2.28,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2021",
   "v": 2.24,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2022",
   "v": 2.22,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2023",
   "v": 2.25,
   "e": "e"
  },
  {
   "p": "2024",
   "v": 2.26,
   "e": "e"
  }
 ],
 "resumen": {
  "primer_periodo": "1995",
  "ultimo_periodo": "2024",
  "ultimo_valor": 1.5,
  "n": 30
 }
}